The Battle Hymn of the Republic - 共和国战歌中的典故
I've listened "Battle Hymn of the Republic". On the second line it writes: "He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored".
I know the allusion to The Grapes of Wrath here, but The Battle Hymn of the Republic born much earlier than it.
I wonder which one is Lord trampling? vintage or grapes? And what it represents?
After days of searching, I found the answer:
Book of Revelation, 14
. . .
A third angel followed them and said in a loud voice: “If anyone worships the beast and its image and receives its mark on their forehead or on their hand, they, too, will drink the wine of God’s fury, which has been poured full strength into the cup of his wrath.
. . .
So the angel swung his sickle to the earth and gathered the clusters from the vine of the earth, and threw them into the great wine press of the wrath of God. They were trampled in the winepress outside the city, and blood flowed out of the press, rising as high as the horses’ bridles for a distance of 1,600 stadia.Specifically, it talks about angels descending to earth to remove evil from the world, and that evil being turned entirely into the wrath of God. The Battle Hymn of the Republic makes a reference to this in its opening lyrics, essentially saying that the wrath of God will wipe evil (slavery, the Confederacy) off of the earth. It's a apparently a modified version of John Brown's Body (a poem about John Brown, an evangelical abolitionist who pursued violence to end slavery), which is itself a modified version of "Oh brothers, will you meet us on Canaan's happy shore?", so it's all very tied into Christian roots. "Trampling out the vintage" refers to trampling (destroying) the grapes (evil) to produce wine (wrath). I think it's supposed to be a play on words, "trampling out" meaning "rolling out" an old-school type of wrath.
共和国战歌仿佛老兵在营火边对后辈的劝谏，又仿佛殉道者布道时传颂的福音。
总的来说，《共和国战歌》的前两句的歌词是这样的：
我双眼已经看见我主降临的荣光，
祂正践踏那滋长忿怒之果的地方；
一开时以为是指代 John Ernst Steinbeck 所作的 The Grapes of Wrath. 但是共和国战歌作曲时间为 1862 左右，比前者早很多。
后来发现，这个典故是出自《圣经》- 启示录 中的第 14 章：
……
又有第三位天使，接着他们，大声说，若有人拜兽和兽像，在额上或在手上，受了印记，
这人也必喝神大怒的酒，此酒斟在神忿怒的杯中纯一不杂。
……
那天使就把镰刀扔在地上，收取了地上的葡萄，丢在神忿怒的大酒榨中。
那酒榨踹在城外，就有血从酒榨里流出来，高到马的嚼环，远有六百里。具体来说，它讲了个了天使下凡清除邪恶的故事，而邪恶完全变成了上帝的愤怒。《共和国战歌》在开头的歌词中提到了这一点，基本上是说上帝的愤怒将把邪恶（奴隶制、南方联盟）从地球上消灭。这显然是《约翰-布朗的身体》（一首关于约翰-布朗的诗，他是一位追求暴力以结束奴隶制的福音派废奴主义者）的修改版，而那首歌又是 《迦南之乐土》/《兄弟们，你们会遇见我吗？》的修改版，所以这一切都与基督教的根源有很大关系。“践踏葡萄”指的是践踏（毁坏）葡萄（邪恶）以生产葡萄酒（愤怒）。我认为这应该是一个文字游戏，“践踏出”意味着“带出”一种非常“老学校”（怀旧、老派）式的愤怒。
Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord."coming of the lord" 指的是主（Jesus）第二次降临，即——审判世界。
耶稣再临（有时称为第二次降临或基督再临，英文 Second Advent 或 Parousia ）是一个基督教概念。二千年前，耶稣“第一次来到”，然后耶稣升天。耶稣再临是指他在未来将回到人间。这个信仰是基于正典福音书中的弥赛亚预言，它是大多基督教末世论的一部分。不同的教派和基督徒对耶稣再临的性质有不同的看法。
Glory, glory, hallelujah!根据亚伯拉罕宗教，荣耀（来自拉丁语 gloria，意为“名声、名望”）被用来描述人类所感知的上帝存在的表现。
在出埃及记 33:18-20 中，摩西被告知没有人能看到耶和华的荣耀（希伯来语：כָּבוֹד kavod）而幸存。
“哈利路亚”（Hallelujah）是“赞美耶和华”的意思（耶和华是圣经上永生上帝的名字），是基督徒当赞美上帝（神）时所用的欢呼语。
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| Revelation 19:6 | 启示录 19:6 |
| Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. | 哈利路亚．因为主我们的 神、全能者、作王了。 |
| Revelation 11:15 | 启示录 11:15 |
| The Kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ; and He shall reign for ever and ever. | 世上的国、成了我主和主基督的国．他要作王、直到永永远远。 |
| Revelation 19:16 | 启示录 19:16 |
| KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS. | 万王之王、万主之主。 |
Let the Hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel.女人的后裔（希伯来语：זְַעָ֑הּ，罗马化：zar'āh，直译为“她的后裔”）是创世记中的一个短语：由于蛇对夏娃的诱惑，导致了人类堕落之后，上帝宣布（在创世记 3:15 中）他将在蛇的后裔和女人的后裔之间建立仇恨。在基督教中，这节经文被称为 protoevangelium，并被解释为耶稣降临的预言。在犹太教中，“女人的后裔”被视为对整个人类的集体参考。
女人的后裔，圣经中指代耶稣。Serpent 是骗夏娃吃果子的蛇。
女人的后裔要伤你的头；你要伤他的脚跟。创世记 3:15
I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps,
They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps;
I can read His righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps:
His day is marching on.可以解读为清教徒乘着五月花号的登陆，也可以解释为美利坚合众国南北战争（Civil War）时期北军军营。
In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea.百合预指圣洁，美丽，丰富；"across the sea" ——美国与以色列伯利恒隔海相望。
With a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me.人不能自救除非上帝救人。
As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free.前者指耶稣被逮捕后以十字架处死，后者指南北战争，北军解放奴隶。
He is coming like the glory of the morning on the wave,
He is Wisdom to the mighty, He is Succour to the brave,
So the world shall be His footstool, and the soul of Time His slave,
Our God is marching on.基督教里的耶稣是老师，服侍别人的，也是万王之王，万主之主。
